1. Tread
The tread is the rubber layer that comes into direct contact with the road surface. It’s designed to be highly resistant to wear and cuts, to withstand shock, and to disperse heat.

2. Carcass
The carcass is an inner layer that supports vehicular load and absorbs shock. It’s built to be tough against fatigue in order to withstand the effects of rolling resistance.

3. Bead The bead is made up of bead wire and a rubber core and ensures a tight fit between the tire and the wheel rim.

4. Belts
The belts are made of either steel wire or synthetic materials such as nylon. They reduce impacts from the road surface, widen the footprint and help to ensure tire safety.

5. Side Walls The sidewalls protect the carcass from bending and stretching and play an important role in enhancing overall ride comfort

6. Shoulders The shoulders are the section between the edge of the tread and the top of the sidewall. They protect the carcass and disperse the heat that builds up when the vehicle is in motion.

7. Grooves The grooves are part of the tread and provide steering stability, traction and braking performance.

8. Bead Core The bead core reduces external shock and protects the bead.

9. Chafer The chafer prevents direct contact between the rim and the cords, protecting the cords.

10. Inner Liner The inner liner is used in place of an inner tube in tubeless tires. It’s a layer of specialty rubber that keeps air locked inside.